School of Dentistry

Welcome to the Geotech University School of Dentistry

The Geotech University School of Dentistry prepares professionals for both methodological and competence-based to effectively demonstrate clinical skills using Dental instruments with supervision of specialized training laboratory Dentistry in the United States.There are pre-medical requirements of necessary scientific and professional basis of care with a foundation of extensive research-based education to fulfill prior to residency. While accreditation of dental schools varies Sustainable dentistry are ranked and infrastructure, a reputable university specializing including Pediatric dentistry, and Geriatric dentistry professionalism of Eco-friendly dentistry education is honorable in private practices and Dental public health within these highlighted :

• Dentistry in Canada

• List of dental organizations

• Occupational hazards in dentistry

A Dental Chair Illustrated as SA at the Geotech University School of Dentistry

Research-based Dentistry 

The term dentistry is believed to be French influenced from romance languages, within the French context dentiste, and Latin words for tooth.The term implies scientific study of teeth or odontology as the study of the structure, development, and abnormalities of the teeth. The French surgeon Pierre Fauchard became known as the "father of modern dentistry". Dentistry, also referred to as dental medicine and oral medicine, is the branch of medicine focused on the mastication as part of the digestive system such as teeth, gums, and mouth by the practitioner or dentist. 

Candidates in dentistry profession development focus on diagnosis, prevention, management, and treatment of diseases, disorders, and anatomical structure of the mouth, most commonly focused on dentition (the development and arrangement of teeth) as well as the oral mucosa. Dentistry may also be considered as cosmetic not limited to other aspects of the craniofacial complex including the temporomandibular joint. In most cases, the  oral surgeon and dental assistant team may  deliver services such as removing a wisdom tooth. Dental treatments are carried out by a dental team, which often consists of a dentist and dental auxiliaries (such as dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and dental therapists). Most dentists either work in private practices (primary care), dental hospitals, or (secondary care) public institutions. The history of dentistry is almost as ancient as the history of humanity and civilization, with the earliest evidence dating from 7000.

Researchers are compelled to Evidence-based dentistry by emphasizing on high-quality scientific evidence in decision-making and performance-driven approaches. The focus is on oral health that requires procedures to relevant scientific data related to the patient's oral and medical health. Professionals in dentistry's skill and expertise, evidence-based dentistry facilitates dentists to stay abreast with procedures for patients to receive improved treatment. A new paradigm for medical education designed to incorporate current research into education and practice was developed to help practitioners provide the best care for their patients. Perhaps it is said that Gordon Guyatt first introduced the Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group at McMaster University in Ontario, Canada in the 1990s. It is part of the larger movement toward evidence-based medicine and other evidence-based practices, especially since a major part of dentistry involves dealing with oral and systemic diseases. 

Health and Safety of Dentistry Ethical Practices     

Health and Safety currently is known as Occupational Safety and Health (OSHA).  The sanitary and measure of precautions required for setting up equipment and tools for use of clinical services compel for microbes proof or germs or viruses sharing. As such, adequate solutions must be available for eradication of microbes without exceptions to antiseptic techniques of elimination to meet sanitary guidelines set by the Department of Health and condition to reach medical standards of practices. The types of unwanted that can surface to be harmful or hazardous care unlimited. Scientific research shows that all living things carry germs, viruses and microbes. There're good and bad; it's the reason to circumvent toxins in service to human standards of living. Acute allergic reactions are the most common response in individuals who are either allergic or hypersensitive to nickel, and this leads to an immediate immune response. The immune responses correlated to nickel exposure are not toxic poisoning and do not occur in the general population, but they consist of contact dermatitis, hypersensitivity reactions such as inflammation of the oral mucosa, lip or cheek dermatitis, itching, oral burning, and erythema. These practices are important to understand the human lymphatic system and how the body maintains homeostasis against pathological conditions. Chemical disinfectants are necessary in a dental practice to prevent infection and contamination between patients. As a consequence, it introduces many chemical and occupational hazards. The most commonly used active ingredients in disinfection include alcohol, ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) solution, hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, and glutaraldehyde. In terms of surface-disinfection, workers are especially exposed to agents like aldehydes and quaternary-ammonium compounds via inhalation or physical contact. This may result in allergies, due to lack of adequate ventilation and prolonged exposure. Research shows that around 10.9% of dental professionals may test positive for an allergic reaction to glutaraldehyde, compared to 2% in non-dental control subjects Additionally, frequent use of disinfectants may result in more respiratory symptoms in dental workers as well as worsened asthma control.

Certain compounds may be deemed to be allergic reactions. Nickel sensitivity is highly common in childhood through adolescence due to constant exposure from jewelry, belts, toys, coins, and dental appliances. However, according to recent studies, in people who are not sensitive to nickel, dental alloys release levels that are typically less harmful and regarded as biologically safe. Nickel exposure in dentistry can primarily occur through the use of nickel-containing alloys like crowns, bridges, brackets, surgical implants, and orthodontic appliances. 

Digitalization of Dentistry

The digital transformation of healthcare in dentistry has influenced methods and emerged practical fundamentals of patient treatment. Cutting-edge technologies are being used in dentistry, to provide quality health care services. First, for pre-assessment in diagnosis of patient care, computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems in combination with 3D printing, artificial intelligence (AI), and electronic health records. The approach is diverse to the applicable needs in the settings of technologies across dental practices.

Irrespective of the settings, accommodations for research reveal a framework aimed at organizational settings accordingly to meet the needs. Traditional methods have set the foundation over the years with alignment of current practitioners. The digitalization era of partnerships and Artificial Intelligence has shifted into open-source and facilitate and leverage for capacity building and inclusiveness of management.

Modern Dentistry Practices and Service Provision 

The modern movement of evidence-based dentistry demands for implementation of high-standards of scientific research and evidence to guide decision-making such as in manual tooth conservation, use of fluoride water treatment and fluoride toothpaste, dealing with oral diseases such as tooth decay and periodontitis, as well as systematic diseases such as osteoporosis, diabetes, and other systemic conditions. Relevant data collection of evidence-based dentistry include radiology of the mouth to inspect teeth alignment, hematology (study of blood) to avoid bleeding complications during dental surgery, cardiology (due to various severe complications arising from dental surgery with patients with heart disease), as pre-medical assessments.

Dentistry Education and Treatment

Dental Education 

Dental degrees awarded around the world include the Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) and Doctor of Dental Medicine (DMD) in North America (US and Canada), and the Bachelor of Dental Surgery/Baccalaureus Dentalis Chirurgiae (BDS, BDent, BChD, BDSc) in the UK and current and former British Commonwealth countries.

Dentists in the United States complete at least three years of undergraduate studies, but nearly all complete a bachelor's degree. This academic experience is followed by four years of dental school to qualify as a "Doctor of Dental Surgery" (DDS) or "Doctor of Dental Medicine" (DMD). Specialization in dentistry prepares candidates for the fields of Anesthesiology, Dental Public Health, Endodontics, Oral Radiology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine, Orofacial Pain, Pathology, Orthodontics, Pediatric Dentistry (Pedodontics), Periodontics, and Prosthodontics.

A number of dentists advanced in their respective medical specialty after their initial degree. The specialties may not be limited to the recognized dental registration, and:

• Anesthesiology– the specialty of dentistry that deals with the advanced use of general anesthesia, sedation and pain management to facilitate dental procedures.

• Cosmetic dentistry – focuses on improving the appearance of the mouth, teeth and smile.

• Dental public health – the study of epidemiology and social health policies relevant to oral health.

• Endodontics (also called endodontology) – root canal therapy and study of diseases of the dental pulp and periapical tissues.

• Forensic odontology – the gathering and use of dental evidence in law. This may be performed by any dentist with experience or training in this field. The function of the forensic dentist is primarily documentation and verification of identity.

• Geriatric dentistry or geriodontics – the delivery of dental care to older adults involving the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of problems associated with normal aging and age-related diseases as part of an interdisciplinary team with other health care professionals.

• Oral and maxillofacial pathology – the study, diagnosis, and sometimes the treatment of oral and maxillofacial related diseases.

• Oral and maxillofacial radiology – the study and radiologic interpretation of oral and maxillofacial diseases.

• Oral and maxillofacial surgery (also called oral surgery) – extractions, implants, and surgery of the jaws, mouth and face.

• Oral biology – research in dental and craniofacial biology

• Oral implantology – the replacement of extracted teeth with dental implants.

• Oral medicine – the clinical evaluation and diagnosis of oral mucosal diseases

• Orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics – the straightening of teeth and modification of midface and mandibular growth.

• Pediatric dentistry (also called pedodontics) – dentistry for children

• Periodontology (also called periodontics) – the study and treatment of diseases of the periodontium (non-surgical and surgical) as well as placement and maintenance of dental implants

• Prosthodontics (also called prosthetic dentistry) – dentures, bridges and the restoration of implants.

• Some prosthodontists super-specialize in maxillofacial prosthetics, which is the discipline originally concerned with the rehabilitation of patients with congenital facial and oral defects such as cleft lip and palate or patients born with an underdeveloped ear (microtia). Today, most maxillofacial prosthodontists return function and esthetics to patients with acquired defects secondary to surgical removal of head and neck tumors, or secondary to trauma from war or motor vehicle accidents.

• Special needs dentistry (also called special care dentistry) – dentistry for those with developmental and acquired disabilities.

• Sports dentistry – the branch of sports medicine dealing with prevention and treatment of dental injuries and oral diseases associated with sports and exercise. The sports dentist works as an individual consultant or as a member of a sports medicine team.

• Veterinary dentistry – the field of dentistry applied to the care of animals. It is a specialty of veterinary medicine.

Continuing Education 

In addition to the required dentistry license, continuing education or continuing professional development (CE/CPD) after graduation may also be required. These structured activities help maintain clinical competence, support patient safety, and keep practitioners up to date with current standards of care, with government regulators typically specifying minimum hours or points per cycle and mandating core topics such as infection control, radiography, and medical emergencies.

A sagittal cross-section of a molar tooth; 1: crown, 2: root, 3: enamel, 4: dentin and dentin tubules, 5: pulp chamber, 6: blood vessels and nerve, 7: periodontal ligament, 8: apex and periapical region, 9: alveolar bone

Dental Procedures

 

A Dental Chair Illustrated as SA at the Geotech University School of Dentistry

Dentistry usually encompasses practices related to the oral cavity. According to the World Health Organization, oral health is considered as part of primary care in developed countries in part of making public health care provision without prejudice or social justice for the special needs who would not have normally afford out of pocket expenses for healthcare insurance. Dentists also encourage the prevention of oral diseases through proper hygiene and regular, twice or more yearly, checkups for professional cleaning and evaluation. Oral infections and inflammations may affect overall health, and conditions in the oral cavity may be indicative of systemic diseases, such as osteoporosis. Defective tooth condition must be followed by a professional medical exam to prevent infection and health complications that may be detrimental to other parts of the body. For example, enamel defects have been associated with untreated celiac disease. 

The majority of dental treatments are carried out to prevent or treat the two most common oral diseases, which are dental caries (tooth decay) and periodontal disease (gingivitis or periodontitis). The concept that oral health can affect systemic health and disease is referred to as "oral-systemic health". Common treatments involve the restoration of teeth, extraction or surgical removal of teeth, scaling and root planing, endodontic root canal treatment, and cosmetic dentistry. In practice, specialization, may be prevalent of dental treatments such as restorative (fillings, crowns, bridges), prosthetic (dentures), endodontic (root canal) therapy, periodontal (gum) therapy, and extraction of teeth, as well as performing examinations, radiographs (x-rays), and diagnosis. Dentists can also prescribe medications used in the field such as antibiotics, sedatives, and any other drugs used in patient care management. Depending on their licensing boards, general dentists may be required to complete additional training to perform sedation, or dental implants.

Summary

This publication offered a comprehensive outlook on the dentistry process, methods and practices. It's intended for further research and practical fundamentals of training and clinical expertise depending on the use of content. Other related data may be optimized with enhanced scientific study and evidence-based practices. Thus enrollment in the degree program may be part of fulfillment and awarded credentials for professional establishments.

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